Masyarakat Sarawak mewarisi kepakaran menenun songket
dari masyarakat Melayu Kepulauan
Borneo. Sebelum menggunakan benang
sutera emas, penenun tempatan terlebih dahulu menggunakan benang sutera nanas
atau pisang dan diwarna dengan bahan semulajadi (natural dye). Walaubagaimanapun benang sutera pisang tidak
lagi digunakan dalam menghasilkan songket Sarawak.
Songket Sarawak dapat dibahagikan kepada empat jenis
iaitu kain bertabur atau kain Brunei (bunga bertabur di bahagian badan
kain). Kedua, kain berturus (corak
berdiri), jalur emas. Ketiga kain
belatak, corak penuh dan keempat ialah songket biasa atau dikenali sebagai kain
lungik, atau dipanggil juga kain songket sutera pisang.
Tenunan
dan sulaman ini juga digunakan dalam acara seperti menjadi sheikh gendang,
berkhatam Quran serta dalam upacara perkahwinan. Tenunan digunakan untuk menghiasi
ponggor (pelamin). Di samping itu ia juga keindahan songket
Sarawak terserlah melalui kelengkapan
persalinan tradisi. Songket Belatak
dipakai sebagai tape (sarung) oleh pengantin perempuan dan dilengkapi dengan kelubung yang menggunakan
songket berturus. Kaum lelaki memadankan
sabok (samping) songket berturus dengan baju tradisional.
The Malays of Sarawak state inherited their songket weaving skills from the Malay
society of Borneo Isle. Some of these songket
were once made from cotton, banana (abaca)
or pineapple fibre, coloured with natural dyes. Now, most are made of silk,
though abaca and cotton is still
occasionally used.
There are four main types of Sarawak songket: kain bertabur or kain Brunei
(with scattered motifs on the 'body'), kain
berturus (with vertical bands and golden stripes), kain belatak (with a fully patterned 'body'), and kain lungik or songket
biasa or traditionally al so known as
songket sutera pisang.
These songket were
once used in traditional or religious ceremonies such as sheikh gendang or berkhatam, and
for decorating the ponggor (wedding
dais). However, it's best known as traditional costumes for both men and women.
Men often wore songket
berturus as a sabok, a short
sarong that extends to below the kneecaps (though younger men prefer it set above
the knees). Brides would wear an elaborate tape (sarong) songket belatak, worn flared with a decorative buckle in front.
A kelubung head
covering was sometimes used, or the sarong could be worn as a shawl, or just
slung over her baju kurung or kebaya top.
Sumber : Bahagian Pemuliharaan, Kraftangan Malaysia
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